Levulinic acid and its derivatives could gain traction 

Fuel additives. Levulinate esters are additives for gasoline and diesel transportation fuels. For instance, they can replace current cetane improvers and cold-flow performers for diesel. They may also replace lubricity improvers. Methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), a levulinic acid derivative, can also be blended up to 50% with gasoline to increase vehicle performance and reduce air emissions.

Solvents. Levulinic acid esters, gammavalerolactone (GVL) and MeTHF are suitable solvents for a number of applications. GVL can replace ethyl acetate and MeTHF can be used as a substitute of tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industry.

Polymers and plasticizers. Levulinic acid-derived ketal esters can replace major phthalate-based plasticizers. Methyl butanediol (MeBDO) has potential as a monomer for polyurethanes. GVL can be a monomer for polyester-polymers and starting materials for pyrrolidinone-isomers.

Resins and coatings. Levulinic acid can be used in polyester resins and polyester polyols to increase scratch resistance for interior and exterior coatings. Its derivative Diphenolic Acid (DPA) is used in protective and decorative finishes.

Agro-chemicals. Its derivative delta-amino levulinic acid (DALA) is used as an herbicide on lawns and certain grain crops.

Pharmaceuticals. Levulinic acid is used in anti-inflammatory medication, anti-allergy agents, mineral supplements and transdermal patches. DALA is used for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Personal care. Levulinic acid and its derivatives are used in organic and natural cosmetic compositions for antimicrobial, perfuming, skin conditioning and pH-regulating purposes.

Flavors and fragrances. Levulinic acid esters are often used as niche fruity flavor and fragrance ingredients.